Rich colours with only moonlight for illumination are almost impossible. Moonlight is quite cold light, with a strong blue component which the human eye perceives as cold. A strong warming filter or warming polariser might do something. You could try to get a deeper coloured sky by using a shorter exposure, combined with using a flash on the tree. Experiment to determine how much flash to use to keep the tree silhouetted yet not have it melt into the dark background.
City lights also provide warmer colours, as they usually have a large part of yellowish tints. But far from the cities those are luckily not yet too apparent.
I've been trying to take night photographs and asking the help of people here at usefilm, and the general agreement is longer speed film will not help you at all when doing long exposures... it will just give you more grain. Was the moon out when you took this shot? That can have a major impact on the scene... as an example check out this photo... quick ID# 14055. I took it with 200 ISO film and an exposure of 37 mins. The sky turned blue because the moon was out!
I would like the comments of others on this site that can help me and Matt out.... what is the solution to getting rich colours for this shot?
This is Matt, I actually used 400 speed and exposed for a long time. I need to use a higher film speed like 800 because it was such a long exposure and dark outside at the time, but you wouldn't think that by how the colors turned out.
This has got nice framing, but I think that a slower ISO film (or slide film) would make this excellent. There seems to be too much grainy-ness to this, and it's apparent in the tree.... I'd love to see this done again with slower film!